Edinburghs Urban Structure

Themes in Little Women Free Essays

Subjects in Little Women English 472 Devotion to the family and parental endorsement are topics weaved all through Little Women, a novel by Louisa May Alcott. Alcott subtleties the lives of Jo, Meg, Beth and Amy to show their steady development and acknowledgment of customary familial jobs as they would have been in nineteenth Century New England. The story opens with the dad of the March family away at war and the ladies in the family arrange to get by in his nonattendance. We will compose a custom paper test on Subjects in Little Women or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The locations of them cooperating in the house to be certain that everything was done, and the areas of them breathing easy together were contacting. During the hardship they remained together and developed nearer together. This tone in the family is set by Mrs. Walk. She is the voice of confidence and reason in Alcott’s story. The young ladies notice her recommendation as well as search it out much of the time as though she were a prophet. Alcott acquaints the peruser with the four March sisters with portrayals of their general look and qualities. Jo is totally unladylike, Meg and Amy are vain and desirous of different young ladies and Beth is an agonizingly modest shut-in. When Mrs. Walk goes into the room, all young ladies surge quickly to take care of their matron. Indeed, even Mr. Walk provides guidance from the warfront in a letter to his family. â€Å"I know they†¦ will carry out their responsibilities reliably, battle their chest adversaries boldly, and vanquish themselves so delightfully that when I return to them I might be fonder and prouder than at any other time of my little ladies (p. 12). The foes the sisters must face in the initial not many parts are narrow-mindedness, temper, discontent and factiousness. The will overcome their foes as long as they can practice discretion. To bomb in postulations attempts is preclude the desires from securing their mom and father: conceivably the most noticeably terrible offense they can envision. Jo is most evident case of disruption of social and parental standards. At first she needs nothing to do with marriage and the local life. Jo feels her temper is her most noteworthy flaw. At the point when she has about abandoned her endeavors to control herself, Marmee steps in to prompt her. â€Å"I am irate almost each day of my life, Jo. Yet, I have learned not to show it; I despite everything would like to learn not to feel it, however it might take me an additional forty years to do as such. † Mrs. Walk is the model of the ethicalness. It doesn't make a difference on the off chance that she is talking from her own understanding or not. It is that Marmee knows precisely what to state to retouch her fatigued little girl (p. 8). Laurie, who is a male equal to Jo, is caring and liberal, yet additionally ruined, wayward and apathetic. His family shows the results of not adoring and minding before family to the exclusion of everything else. Laurie’s father fled from the senior Mr. Lawrence to wed a lady against the desires of his dad. Whatever happened to Laurie’s father and mother we don't have the foggiest idea; just that they had kicked the bucket. Obviously Laurie changes after some time with the impacts of all the March ladies. Indeed his turns into an individual from the family well before he is marry to Amy. They called him â€Å"brother† all through the novel. Laurie grasped the March young ladies like a sibling in discourse and way. At the point when Beth was wiped out with Scarlet fever he called for Mrs. Walk to return without the young ladies information. (p. 179) He settled on this ruling against the desire of Hannah and it shows his significant spot as a caring individual from the March family. When Meg has hitched John Brooke, she is living endlessly from the family home yet is as committed to her mom as could be. At the point when the Demi and Daisy are youthful Meg battles to think about her little ones, neglecting every other obligation. Her marriage endures and John before long felt like an unwanted figure in his home. Meg feels she has been off-base and argues her case to Marmee. Meg is shocked to find she is the one liable for the recolored relationship. â€Å"You have just committed the error that most youngsters make,â€forgotten your obligation to your better half in your affection for your children† (p. 376). When Meg permitted John to deal with the order of Demi, she discovers he is better at controlling their child and she is spared the vitality and fret. While Mrs. Walk never demanded every one of her little girls be hitched, there is proposal that whatever decisions they make must meet the endorsement of their folks. When Jo learned Mr. Brooke was keen on wedding Meg, she fights the possibility of a marriage. Mrs. Walk guarantees Jo that Meg won't leave the family yet. â€Å"Your father and I have concurred that she will not tie herself at all, nor be hitched, before twenty† (p. 196). This line proposes that such a real existence choice was not entirely up to Meg, however would be made at their watchfulness. Regularly Little Women is by all accounts a manual for ladies progressing from young ladies to parenthood. Notwithstanding their various trusts later on the entirety of the ladies become venerating spouses and moms. Joe quits any pretense of composing â€Å"trash† for cash and composes what is in her heart, however her work got optional to her activity as mother to her own kids and the young men in her little school. Amy draws constantly yet surrenders her fantasies about composition in Rome and Paris for a residential existence with Laurie. Meg, who needed to be hitched from the start, surrenders her longing for cash and hirelings for the love of a decent and nice man. Through the characters and occasions in the book, Alcott advances dedication, poise and steadfast for the improvement of family or more all else. Step by step instructions to refer to Themes in Little Women, Essay models

Why Do I Need Good Formal Essay Examples?

Why Do I Need Good Formal Essay Examples?There are hundreds of formal essays examples on the Internet but the things which you need to understand is that not all of them are created equal. They may contain some interesting ideas but it is essential that you take your time and pick the best writing examples for essay writing.Many writers are familiar with the ins and outs of this type of writing, but they feel that they are not given enough opportunity to hone their skills. While the competition is stiff, it is quite easy to find an abundance of materials online so you may feel that there is no need to look elsewhere.The truth is that you may be wasting your time. There are thousands of writing samples available online that can teach you how to use them. If you search around online you will certainly be able to find a wealth of examples that can help you with this type of writing.The best formal essays examples should tell you how to structure your sentences and paragraphs. These are the parts of the writing that you will be using in order to pass your essays. So, you should always go for the ones that contain a lot of useful tips on how to do this effectively.One thing you must understand about formal essay examples is that they are meant to help you write better and faster. It is also very important that you follow these writing examples and not copy or reuse what you see on the Internet. You are trying to get an idea about how to achieve this kind of writing so you must be sure that what you do is original.The best formal essays examples are the ones that are written from the heart and express exactly what the writer thinks. This is the most important part of this type of writing and if you take your time and really focus on this part, you will achieve the desired results.Onthe other hand, it is very important that you don't get confused about what formal essay examples are all about. There are plenty of people who claim to have these skills but when you take a closer look, you will discover that they are plagiarizing. It is not difficult to recognize plagiarism because many plagiarizers write the same material as another author but has taken the words out of context.When you find a good collection of formal essay examples, make sure that you truly appreciate what you are reading. They can give you some tips and ideas but nothing beats your own experiences and observations. This way, you will achieve something that is genuinely original and will allow you to achieve a higher grade in your exams.

History of the Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution broke out in 1910 when the decades-old rule of President Porfirio Dà ­az was challenged by Francisco I. Madero, a reformist writer and politician. When Dà ­az refused to allow clean elections, Maderos calls for revolution were answered by Emiliano Zapata in the south, and Pascual Orozco and Pancho Villa in the north. Dà ­az was deposed in 1911, but the revolution was just beginning. By the time it was over, millions had died as rival politicians and warlords fought each other over the cities and regions of Mexico. By 1920, the chickpea farmer and revolutionary general Alvaro Obregà ³n had risen to the presidency, primarily by outliving his main rivals. Most historians believe this event marks the end of the revolution, although the violence continued well into the 1920s. The Porfiriato Porfirio Dà ­az led Mexico as president from 1876 to 1880 and from 1884 to 1911. He was an acknowledged but unofficial ruler from 1880 to 1884 as well. His time in power is referred to as the Porfiriato. During those decades, Mexico modernized, building mines, plantations, telegraph lines, and railroads, which brought great wealth to the nation. It came, however, at the cost of repression and grinding debt peonage for the lower classes. Dà ­azs close circle of friends benefited greatly, and most of Mexicos vast wealth remained in the hands of a few families. Dà ­az ruthlessly clung to power for decades,  but after the turn of the century, his grip on the nation started to slip. The people were unhappy: An economic recession caused many to lose their jobs and people began calling for change. Dà ­az promised free elections in 1910. Dà ­az and Madero Dà ­az expected to win easily and legally and was therefore shocked when it became evident that his opponent, Francisco I. Madero, was likely to win. Madero, a reformist writer who came from a wealthy family, was an unlikely revolutionary. He was short and skinny, with a high-pitched voice that became quite shrill when he was excited. A teetotaler and vegetarian, he claimed to be able to speak to ghosts and spirits, including his dead brother and Benito Juà ¡rez. Madero didnt have any real plan for Mexico after Dà ­az; he simply felt that someone else should rule after decades of Don Porfirio. Dà ­az fixed the elections, arresting Madero on false charges of plotting armed insurrection. Madero was bailed out of jail by his father and went to San Antonio, Texas, where he watched Dà ­az easily win re-election. Convinced that there was no other way to get Dà ­az to step down, Madero called for an armed rebellion; ironically, that was the same charge that had been trumped-up against him. According to Maderos Plan of San Luis Potosi, the insurrection would begin on November 20. Orozco, Villa, and Zapata In the southern state of Morelos, Maderos call was answered by peasant leader Emiliano Zapata, who hoped a revolution would lead to land reform. In the north, muleteer Pascual Orozco and bandit chieftain Pancho Villa also took up arms. All three rallied thousands of men to their rebel armies. In the south, Zapata attacked large ranches called haciendas, giving back land that had been illegally and systematically stolen from peasant villages by Dà ­azs cronies. In the north, Villas and Orozcos massive armies attacked federal garrisons wherever they found them, building up impressive arsenals and attracting thousands of new recruits. Villa truly believed in reform; he wanted to see a new, less crooked Mexico. Orozco was more of an opportunist who saw a chance to get in on the ground floor of a movement he was certain would succeed and secure a position of power for himself (such as state governor) with the new regime. Orozco and Villa had great success against the federal forces and in February 1911, Madero returned and joined them in the north. As the three generals closed in on the capital, Dà ­az could see the writing on the wall. By May of 1911, it was clear that he could not win, and he went into exile. In June, Madero entered the city in triumph. The Rule of Madero Madero barely had time to get comfortable in Mexico City before things got hot. He faced rebellion on all sides, as he broke all of his promises to those who had supported him and the remnants of Dà ­azs regime hated him. Orozco, sensing that Madero was not going to reward him for his role in the overthrow of Dà ­az, once again took up arms. Zapata, who had been instrumental in defeating Dà ­az, took to the field again when it became clear that Madero had no real interest in land reform. In November of 1911, Zapata wrote up his famous Plan of Ayala, which called for Maderos removal, demanded land reform, and named Orozco Chief of the Revolution. Fà ©lix Dà ­az, the former dictators nephew, declared himself in open rebellion in Veracruz. By the middle of 1912, Villa was Maderos only remaining ally, although Madero did not realize it. The greatest challenge to Madero was none of these men, however, but one much closer: General Victoriano Huerta, a ruthless, alcoholic soldier left over from the Dà ­az regime. Madero had sent Huerta to join forces with Villa and defeat Orozco. Huerta and Villa despised one another but managed to drive off Orozco, who fled to the United States. After returning to Mexico City, Huerta betrayed Madero during a standoff with forces loyal to Fà ©liz Dà ­az. He ordered Madero arrested and executed and set himself up as president. The Huerta Years With the quasi-legitimate Madero dead, the country was up for grabs. Two more major players entered the fray. In Coahuila, the former governor Venustiano Carranza took to the field and in Sonora, chickpea farmer and inventor Alvaro Obregà ³n raised an army and entered the action. Orozco returned to Mexico and allied himself with Huerta, but the â€Å"Big Four† of Carranza, Obregà ³n, Villa, and Zapata were united in their hatred of Huerta and determined to oust him from power. Orozcos support was not nearly enough. With his forces fighting on several fronts, Huerta was steadily pushed back. A great military victory might have saved him, as it would have drawn recruits to his banner, but when Pancho Villa won a crushing victory at the Battle of Zacatecas on June 23, 1914, it was over. Huerta fled to exile, and although Orozco fought on for a while in the north, he too went into exile in the United States before too long. The Warlords at War With the despised Huerta out of the way, Zapata, Carranza, Obregà ³n, and Villa were the four most powerful men in Mexico. Unfortunately for the nation, the only thing they had ever agreed on was that they did not want Huerta in charge, and they soon fell to fighting one another. In October of 1914, representatives of the â€Å"Big Four† as well as several smaller independents met at the Convention of Aguascalientes, hoping to agree on a course of action that would bring peace to the nation. Unfortunately, the peace efforts failed, and the Big Four went to war: Villa against Carranza and Zapata against anyone who entered his fiefdom in Morelos. The wild card was Obregà ³n; fatefully, he decided to stick with Carranza. The Rule of Carranza Venustiano Carranza felt that as a former governor, he was the only one of the â€Å"Big Four† qualified to rule Mexico, so he set himself up in Mexico City and began organizing elections. His trump card was the support of Obregà ³n, a genius military commander who was popular with his troops. Even so, he did not fully trust Obregà ³n, so he shrewdly sent him after Villa, hoping, no doubt, that the two would finish each other off so that he could deal with the pesky Zapata and Fà ©lix Dà ­az at his leisure. Obregà ³n headed north to engage Villa in a clash of two of the most successful revolutionary generals. Obregà ³n had been doing his homework, however, reading up on trench warfare being fought abroad. Villa, on the other hand, still relied on the one trick that had carried him so often in the past: an all-out charge by his devastating cavalry. The two met several times, and Villa always got the worst of it. In April of 1915, at the Battle of Celaya, Obregà ³n fought off countless cavalry charges with barbed wire and machine guns, thoroughly routing Villa. The next month, the two met again at the Battle of Trinidad and 38 days of carnage ensued. Obregà ³n lost an arm at Trinidad, but Villa lost the war. His army in tatters, Villa retreated to the north, destined to spend the rest of the revolution on the sidelines. In 1915, Carranza set himself up as president pending elections and won the recognition of the United States, which was hugely important to his credibility. In 1917, he won the elections he had set up and began the process of stamping out remaining warlords, such as Zapata and Dà ­az. Zapata was betrayed, set up, ambushed, and assassinated on April 10, 1919, on Carranzas orders. Obregà ³n retired to his ranch with the understanding that he would leave Carranza alone, but he expected to take over as president after the 1920 elections. The Rule of Obregà ³n Carranza reneged on his promise to support Obregà ³n in 1920, which proved to be a fatal mistake. Obregà ³n still enjoyed the support of much of the military, and when it became apparent that Carranza was going to install little-known Ignacio Bonillas as his successor, Obregà ³n quickly raised a massive army and marched on the capital. Carranza was forced to flee  and was assassinated by supporters of Obregà ³n on May 21, 1920. Obregà ³n was easily elected in 1920 and served his four-year term as president. For this reason, many historians believe the Mexican Revolution ended in 1920, although the nation suffered from horrible violence for another decade or so until the level-headed Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas took office. Obregà ³n ordered the assassination of Villa in 1923 and was himself shot to death by a Roman Catholic fanatic in 1928, ending the time of the â€Å"Big Four.† Women in the Revolution Before the revolution, women in Mexico were relegated to a traditional existence, working in the home and in the fields with their men and wielding little political, economic, or social clout. With the revolution came an opportunity for participation and many women joined up, serving as writers, politicians, and even soldiers. Zapatas army, in particular, was known for the number of female soldaderas among the ranks and even serving as officers. Women who participated in the revolution were reluctant to return to their quiet lifestyle after the dust had settled, and the revolution marks an important milestone in the evolution of Mexican womens rights. Importance of the Revolution In 1910, Mexico still had a largely feudal social and economic base: rich landowners ruled like medieval dukes on large estates, keeping their workers impoverished, deep in debt, and with barely enough basic necessities to survive. There were some factories, but the basis of the economy was still mostly in agriculture and mining. Porfirio Dà ­az had modernized much of Mexico, including laying train tracks and encouraging development, but the fruits of all of this modernization went exclusively to the rich. A drastic change was obviously necessary for Mexico to catch up with other nations, which were developing industrially and socially. Because of this, some historians feel that the Mexican Revolution was a necessary â€Å"growing pain for the backward nation. This view tends to gloss over the sheer destruction wrought by 10 years of war and mayhem. Dà ­az may have played favorites with the wealthy, but much of the good that he did—railways, telegraph lines, oil wells, buildings—were destroyed in a classic case of â€Å"throwing the baby out with the bathwater.† By the time Mexico was once again stable, hundreds of thousands had died, development had been set back by decades, and the economy was in ruins. Mexico is a nation with tremendous resources, including oil, minerals, productive agricultural land, and hard-working people, and its recovery from the revolution was bound to be relatively speedy. The biggest obstacle to recovery was corruption, and the 1934 election of the honest Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas gave the nation a chance to get back on its feet. Today, there are few scars left from the revolution itself, and Mexican schoolchildren may not even recognize the names of minor players in the conflict such as Felipe Angeles or Genovevo de la O. The lasting effects of the revolution have all been cultural. The PRI, the party that was born in the revolution, held onto power for decades. Emiliano Zapata, the symbol of land reform and proud ideological purity, has become an international icon for just rebellion against a corrupt system. In 1994, a rebellion broke out in Southern Mexico; its protagonists called themselves the Zapatistas and declared that Zapatas revolution was still in progress and would be until Mexico adopted true land reform. Mexico loves a man with personality, and the charismatic Pancho Villa lives on in art, literature, and legend, while the dour Venustiano Carranza has been all but forgotten. The revolution has proven to be a deep well of inspiration for Mexicos artists and writers. The muralists, including Diego Rivera, remembered the revolution and painted it often. Modern writers such as Carlos Fuentes have set novels and stories in this turbulent era, and films such as Laura Esquivels Like Water for Chocolate take place against the revolutionary backdrop of violence, passion, and change. These works romanticize the gory revolution in many ways, but always in the name of the inner search for national identity that continues in Mexico today. Source McLynn, Frank. Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. Basic Books, August 15, 2002.

I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou - 1609 Words

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou displays several characters who each own a voice that they make their own. Throughout the memoir, the reader learns about Angelou’s life, including the people that she grew up with as a child. One of the main characters that had a significant impact on Angelou as she was growing up was her brother, Bailey. Bailey helped Angelou understand the life around her as she was trying to navigate the world. He was a strong role model that she could look up to. He looked out for her, whether it be by standing up to adults who called her ugly or giving her essential advice that only a big brother could. However, Bailey also had a life of his own that we, as the audience, learn about through Angelou’s eyes. Bailey faced several challenges as he grew up, but never failed to use his voice in his own, unique way. We learn a lot about Bailey and his voice through his relationship with Angelou. Neither Angelou nor Bailey had the traditional family setup of a mother, father, and children. Instead, they both looked to Momma and Uncle Willie to raise them as their â€Å"parents†. Later in the memoir new parental figures are introduced as Bailey and his sister start to build relationships with their mother, Vivian, and their father, Bailey, Sr. On top of their biological parents, Bailey and Angelou are also introduced to many other â€Å"parental figures† including Dolores and Daddy Clidell. So many people were introduced to the brother and sister that it’sShow MoreRelatedI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou1391 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou’s debut autobiography is an article of literature that depicts the life of a young black girl growing up in a world pitted against her, and the resilience she found in herself in order to survive. Angelou is a voice t hat is not often heard. In a world dominated by a white male narrative, the plights of the minority are often overshadowed. Thus, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is an imperative novel as it articulates the life of not only Angelou, but also of the unique experiences thatRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Essay2303 Words   |  10 PagesOne of the quotes that Maya Angelou spoke about goes â€Å"History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be lived again.† In two of the poems written by Maya Angelou ‘I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings,’ which inspired millions of readers helped tackle difficulties related to themes such as racism, sexual abuse, equality. â€Å"Still I Rise† explores the idea of racial discrimination along with Abel Meeropol â€Å"Strange Fruit† and ‘Caged Bird’ which was sang by AliciaRead MoreI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou6502 Words   |  27 PagesAnalysis: Chapters 1–5 The lines from the poem Maya cannot finish, â€Å"What are you looking at me for? I didn’t come to stay . . .† capture two of the most significant issues she struggles with in her childhood and young adulthood: feeling ugly and awkward and never feeling attached to one place. First, Maya imagines that though people judge her unfairly by her awkward looks, they will be surprised one day when her true self emerges. At the time, she hopes that she will emerge as if in a fairy-taleRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou886 Words   |  4 PagesChampion of the World is a chapter in Maya Angelou s book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings where the focal point describes a very significant event to the African American people during her adolescence. It shows a 1930’s black community fired up about a fight over racial resentment build up over the past years. The famous African American boxer, Joe Louis, it fighting for his title against a white contender. The story explains in detail the overwhelming amount of excitement and eagerness comingRead MoreEssay on I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou2409 Words   |  10 Pagesskin. Since they were evidently treated differently, many despised the fact that they were black. As a result of their helpless circumstances, it was understandable that many blacks during that time lacked confidence and self-acceptance. Maya Angelou was an African American girl who grew up during this challenging time. During her childhood, she witnessed and experienced racial prejudice first hand. She had difficultly understanding and accepting the consequences that accompanied belongingRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Analysis840 Words   |  4 Pagesperson is none other than Maya Angelou. Angelou has been a famous American poet since the release of her 1969 autobiography, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. Angelou has inspired many people by telling her life story to the public, but not only did she inspire, she also created a very different and personal point of view of the world we live in. The poem’s she has written transition from pain and suffering or to courage and confidence. Nonetheless, even though Angelou wrote mostly about anguishedRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings913 Words   |  4 Pages Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sin gs is an autobiography that describes the coming of age of a Southern black girl who overcomes society’s cruelty as she grows up. Taking place in Stamps, Kansas during the 1930s, the autobiography captures Marguerite Ann Johnson’s, or Maya’s, battle of finding herself and coming to terms with who she is while growing up in a time period comprised of oppression and discrimination. Furthermore, Maya endures many childhood hardships due to her race, and sheRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings701 Words   |  3 PagesMaya Angelou: â€Å" I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings† In this poem Maya Angelou talks about the civil rights movement. She also express her personal life of what she went through such as being raped at the age of 6 by her mother’s boyfriend and also becoming mute for 5 years. She also states how she got pregnant and had to raise a child at 16. All these events led up to writing this poem from a caged bird that sings point of view. â€Å"Remembrance† In this poem Maya Angelou express how she was being rapedRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1888 Words   |  8 Pages Maya Angelou once said â€Å"We may encounter many defeats but we must not be defeated† and this phrase speaks volume in comparison to Angelou’s life story. She was born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. The name Maya was given to her by her older brother, Bailey Jr. Maya Angelou is not only a sister, but also an inspirational role model, a mother, an author, a poet, a civil rights activist, and an actor. In 1969 Angelou’s world renowned book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged BirdRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou2313 Words   |  10 Pagesknown as â€Å"Maya† sees beauty as being a blond white girl instead of an African American girl. Becoming a white girl is the only way she feels that she can escape the black hole that she feels she’s so constantly sucked int o. In the book, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†, written by Maya Angelou, Marguerite states â€Å"I was going to look like one of the sweet little white girls who were everybody s dream of what was right with the world†(Introduction). Also, Marguerite states â€Å"Because I was really

Describe Risks and Possible Consquences free essay sample

There are many risks involved for children using the internet.. .. this may be that the child has innocently mistyped on the keyboard and are exposed to porongraphic images. Parents have the option to block certain things popping up on the computer screen Children use networking sites, such as facebook, they will state their name, their age, address etc, they will also post photos of themselves onto the wall.They should go onto the privacy settings and set to friends only this means that no frien that is on the list can see their profile. This is because a paedophile will pose as a teenager with similar interests and hobbies to gain friendship. They will try to gain your trust and want to meet you in person. They could also lie in wait for you if you have stated that you will be meeting friends in a certain park at a certain time. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe Risks and Possible Consquences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Paedophiles, groom children.Children can be bullied, either on the internet or by the use of a mobile phone.. . Could be a lone person doing the bullying or a group of people. They can torment, threaten, tease etc anytime of the day or night. Always keep a copy of the types of messages and day and time thay were sent and inform an adult. This type of bullying will probably lower the childs self esteem and cause them to become depressed. Children can also be hooked on cult websites or a suicidal site where they make pacts with each other to end their own lives

Leadership through effective Communication

Why lead through Communication? Communication strategies are crucial in organizations, particularly in the information age. Organizations are growing immensely in terms of their operations. As a result, they are constantly looking for mechanisms for becoming competitive.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership through effective Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the ways of gaining competitive advantage is through the implementation of communication strategies, which support organizational growth and objectives. Right communication strategies have multiple benefits for an organization ranging from enhancing workforce motivation to the creation of additional customers and retention of the existing clientele. Organizational leaders are ever placed on a constant pressure to comply with various demands by various corporate stakeholders while still ensuring that an organization remains competiti ve in the short and long run. Upon ensuring compliance with these dual anticipations, organizational managers design and/or execute various business strategies. Although the failure of such strategies may initiate at the designing phase, many of business strategies, irrespective of how well they are designed, have more failure rates at the implementation and execution phases. The implication of this claim is that inadequate expertise in the execution of communication strategies within an organization may produce serious consequences.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the phase of implementation of the business strategies, effective communication is essential in helping leaders to control and monitor the implementation of strategies to meet the desired goals and objectives. Implications of inadequate expertise in communication strategies are reflected in a research condu cted by McFarlin, Sweeney, and Cotton (2003) in which 197 management executives from 197 companies were surveyed to unveil their anticipations for success of their communication strategies. The researchers found out that only 63 percent of all the surveyed executives anticipated their strategies to succeed. Upon considering that 37 percent of the surveyed executives were not sure whether their communication strategies would succeed, the researchers concluded, â€Å"much of expectation and performance failures are a failure to execute the company’s strategy effectively† (McFarlin, Sweeney Cotton, 2003, p.380). Strategies are implemented through the collective effort of all people who must work to attain given goals and missions, which an organization is established to accomplish. These goals and objectives must be communicated effectively. Communication provides a link between the plans developed by leaders to enhance the success of an organization and the actual imple mentation process of the programs. Developing strategies that would succeed requires ardent communication at all hierarchical structures of business administration. Communication is vital since the implementation of new business strategies often involves change (Williams Seaman, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership through effective Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Poor communication often results in resistance to change, especially where the persons working in an organization perceive the changes being implemented as threats to their jobs and personal excellence. For instance, while personnel at the headquarters of an organization may be fighting for standardization of products produced by an organization to ease supply chain and logistics challenges, the staff at departmental levels of various products may be opposed to such endeavors. Additionally, inadequate communication at the intra-organizational levels may result in different perceptions of brands that would excel in the market. Although effective leadership is crucial for the success of an organization, significant progress is attained when all workers have awareness in all hierarchical structures of an organization in the direction it takes. This helps them support their operations effectively in terms of doing what is within its capacity to ensure that it succeeds in the direction set by its leaders. In this sense, the goal of an effective communication program within an organization is to foster a change in employee behaviors. The desired change in an organization takes different forms. It may involve a shift in attitude or alteration of work processes in the effort to support the organization’s competitive advantage (Williams Seaman, 2001, p.445). Effective leadership entails the communication of strategies of success through translation of the essential business objectives and goals into t erms that employees can understand easily.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In response to such communication elements, employees become engaged, aligned, and committed to work collectively towards driving organizational success. In fact, many communication programs fall short when they fail to address precisely what employees, who are also the strategies implementers, need to know and/or do to enhance performance and success of an organization. Leaders for dynamic organizations appreciate the importance of effective communication,  mainly while working in an environment that is consistently changing. They view communication as having the ability to deliver tangible products as opposed to being a soft component of their leadership roles. Efforts of improving the satisfaction of consumers, enhancing the quality of service and product delivery, and enhancing retention and satisfaction of employees are all dependent on effective communication (Barrett, 2006, p.15). In an organization that employs people from diverse backgrounds, communication is the tool dep loyed to harness individual differences of the employees by aligning them to a common organizational culture that is guided by aims, missions, goals, and objectives of the organization. How to Communicate Effectively Communicating effectively in an organization requires leaders to have emotional intelligence. Leaders are visions careers. As the head of organizations, leaders are expected to have the ability to manage their emotions so that they do not get out of control irrespective of the challenges they go through while attempting to enhance compliance with their visions (Barrett, 2006). Leaders have the total trust of their staff, speak kindly and eloquently, pay attention to concerns of the people they work with as a team and are at ease to address. They also have the ability to make well-informed decisions. All these aspects help in building a productive climate for communication within an organization. Effective leadership requires leaders to have the capacity to manage their emotions well. For this purpose, the integration of the perspectives of emotional intelligence in leadership becomes crucial. Communicating effectively requires leaders to possess qualities such as the ability to listen effectively to others, have the ability and willingness to speak honestly and kindly, be approachable, and/or have the capacity to make reliable decisions. These aspects of how to communicate effectively constitute many of the traits of an emotionally intelligent leader. The concept of EI engulfs five crucial building blocks. The first block is self-awareness. Self-awareness implies that leaders have the capacity to eloquently understand their feelings together with how such feelings can influence the people they lead (McFarlin, Sweeney Cotton, 2003, p.364). This infers that a leader clearly understands his or her strengths together with weakness that may affect his or her productivity. The second block is self-regulation. This entails remaining in control of every situation that faces a leader. In other words, leaders who are able to self-regulate themselves possess minimal probabilities of attacking various members of work teams. They do not make rushed emotionally-instigated decisions or compromise the values of the work team members. The other three blocks are motivation, social skills, and empathy. Empathy involves putting one into the situation of another person. In the context of leadership, the situation is that of the subordinates. Concerning social skills, capable leaders who possess high levels of emotional intelligence have excellent communicating skills. Leading through communication requires leaders to amply understand the audience for every communication situation in terms of what motivates it to behave in specific ways. This calls for awareness of the people being led. The reception of the leader by audience helps in shaping the perception and making decisions on whether to pay attention to the leader while talking or not (Barr ett, 2006). This suggests that the ethos and/or the initial presentation of the leader may create barriers to the reception of the desired message. When the audience does not listen to leaders when they speak, communication does not take place. Leaders intending to build their success through effective communication need to master the art of persuasion. This goal can be accomplished through the creation of positive ethos together with the development of a clear understanding of the nature of the people being led in terms of what propels them to pay attention to details. Emotional intelligence leadership skills capture all these aspects of how to communicate effectively. Who is Responsible for Communication? Effective leaders communicate in all directions within an organization. However, effective communication does not merely happen. It is also not the principal function of the organization communication personnel. For communication to achieve its effectiveness in enhancing integrat ion and homogeneous operation of an organization, all hierarchical structures of management must engage in it. As claimed before, change is implemented through hierarchical structures of an organization. Failure of achieving the desired goals of organizational change emanates from inadequate communication between change designers and implementers. This underlines the significance of considering the possession of intrapersonal and interpersonal communication skills as some of the essential qualities of any effective leaders working in the information age organizations. Communication personnel within an organization work under directions of a leader. When such personnel is given information to relay to the subordinates, the accuracy of the transmitted data is dependent on the accuracy of the information communicated to the communication personnel by the leader (Barrett, 2006). This implies that the sole responsibility of organizational communication rests on the leader. Indeed, variou s models for leadership communication competency pay incredible consideration to communication skills from the perspectives of strategic capacity and personal abilities (Barrett, 2006, p.33). Leaders who present high abilities to lead, direct, plan, monitor, and/or control their organizations effectively are the ones who portray exemplary  skills of effective communication. This has led many leadership training and development programs to consider communication skills as the component that binds all other facets of effective leadership. Roles of Leaders in Communication From a superficial perspective, communication is a simple task for emotionally intelligent leaders. In some leadership situations, sending memos and emails may serve the purpose of delivering the intended message. However, in complex communication situations such as addressing issues of strikes within an organization, these simplistic methodologies of communication may fail to yield success (Barrett, 2006). Such a situation requires leaders to evaluate the context and implications of their chosen communication to address employee conflicts with an organization in an effective manner. This consideration highlights the significance of understanding the components or the facets of an effective communication process. In the effort to ensure that communication makes positive impacts, planning, management, and taking of measures to enhance consistency and clarity of communication are vital areas to consider. Thus, leading through effective communication requires leaders to avoid concentrating on just delivering messages while neglecting the importance of planning and management of communication processes. Leaders need to avoid making any errors of equating the volume and the speed advantages offered by the internet to effective organizational communication. The model shown below illustrates the roles played by a leader in communication. Fig 1: Roles played by a leader in communication Source (Barr ett, 2006, p.56) From the fig. 1 above, communication occurs in a context of system interactions. This system, which could be an organization itself, possesses factors that may hinder communication. Such factors include the perception of the leader developed in employees and the organizational culture. When planning for communication, a leader needs to consider the barriers of communication (Barrett, 2006, p.57). Leaders also need to organize their communication strategies such that they fit well into the established organizational culture. As a builder of the communication infrastructure and in an effort to lead through effective communication, a leader takes into corporation the aspects of the systems. They include the existing communication climate, culture of the organizations, changes which may affect the organizational stakeholders, and the capacity of communication emanating from the leader to fit well with the practices of human resources within an organization (Barrett, 200 6, p.68). The second essential facet of effective communication is the role of a leader in the development of communication strategies through planning. This role calls leaders to develop measurable communication objectives and/or analyze the implication of change to the organizational stakeholders in the effort to concentrate on the communication of issues that are meaningful and related to the interest of the stakeholders. In the development of the communication strategy, a leader also deserves to engage in the selection of requisite channels for communication. He or she should endeavor to measure the effectiveness of various communication efforts. Measurement is essential in the effort to adjust accordingly to the necessary strategies, which make leaders’ communication more effective. Message delivery becomes essential after a leader fulfills the functions of communication planning and communication strategy development. To deliver the message efficiently, effective commun ication involves the utilization of various skills. These skills include presentation skills, engagement of the audience through interrogatives, listening, facilitation, and engagement in problem-solving, mentoring, coaching, and evaluation of the impacts of communication in the context of the desired message. The various components of the three roles of leaders in communication require different extents of mixes depending on the characteristics of the audience and the context in which the connection is accomplished. The appropriate mix is also dependent on the degree of attention of the audience. For instance, in situations where the purpose of communication is to resolve employees’ conflicts within an organization, no matter how presentable a leader may be, the audience may fail to develop the required attention for effective communication to take place. The desired approach in such contexts is initiating the communication process by giving a room for the audience to pose i nterrogatives related to the purpose for which the communication forum is being held. Models for Leadership Competency in Communication The considerations of the importance of communication in leadership have led to the development of various models for leadership competency in communication. Two important models are LILI and the mathematical theory of organizational communication models. Mathematical Theory Model The mathematical model comprises five main elements, as illustrated in Fig.2 below. Fig.2: Mathematical Models for Leadership Competency in Communication Source (Barrett, 2006, p.98) In an organization, the source of communication is the leader. The leader encodes the desired message. Through communication planning, the channel of communication is selected. This may take the form of face-to-face communication, emails, memo, or any other suitable channel that suits the appropriate context. The receiver of the message decodes it and sends back the understanding of the messa ge in a back loop in the form of the proper action to the source. The back loop enables the leaders to determine whether they are effective in their communication strategies. Based on the mathematical model for leadership communication competence, leaders develop the ability to determine their effectiveness in communication and their roles in it while also determining the necessary actions to handle the anticipated problems. The message is determined at the source. At this level, leaders pay attention to convey just the appropriate information. This effort reduces curiosity and chances of loss of interest in listening (Barrett, 2006, p.109). Failure to plan communication by failing to lay out a precise objective, understanding the audience, and/or failing to seek the feedback of the manner in which the information is received leads to poor crafting of communication, otherwise referred to as communication encoding. In the encoding process, considerations of the cultural context are i ncredibly paramount. Misunderstanding and miscommunication of the desired message arise from language and cultural barriers. Consulting and encoding of information so that a diverse number of people can understand it is especially important in contexts where cross-cultural communication is required. According to the mathematical theory leadership communication competency model, after encoding, effort to communicate shifts effectively to the selection of the right channels. Effective communication requires optimal utilization of communication opportunity while maintaining efficiency in the delivery of the intended message. For simple directions, emails are the most appropriate. Where the leader wants to delegate tasks, emails turn out ineffective. People interrogate them together with the intention of the leader (Barrett, 2006). Emails and memos are also not appropriate where the communication raises emotional charges in an organization. Under such circumstances, the best channel in an organizational setting is face-to-face or telephone communication. They allow the leader to evaluate and judge the impacts of the words used in the communication process. In the decoding stage, the leader becomes the active listener while the audience becomes the speaker. Through the responses of the audience, the leader acquires feedback on the effectiveness of his or her communication. The level of the audience engagement in the communicated message, agreeableness, defensiveness, and comprehension are indicators of the success of communicating the planned message. LILI Model The LILI model considers four key drivers for any effective organizational communication. LILI refers to leading, involving, listening, and informing (Barrett, 2006, p.165). The traditional approaches to organizational communication focused only on informing, which only comprises 25 percent of effective communication (Barrett, 2006). This explains why communication strategies that are aimed at informing fai l to succeed in delivering results. Communication is best achieved in the two-way information flow process. The LILI model suggests that communication strategies need to change to accommodate changes in inputs. Hence, â€Å"leaders should incorporate each of the four drivers, as appropriate to the situation† (Williams Seaman, 2001, p.455). This implies that leaders need to understand their audiences together with their information requirements. Thus, the act of involving and/or listening to organizational stakeholders is an essential step under the LILI model for gaining inputs to communication combined with the necessary feedback to enhance the effectiveness in communication. Leading in the implementation of contents of the communicated message is the facet of the LILI model, which enables the leader to establish a model for appropriate behavioral commitments to any communicated information, thus setting the necessary collective direction for an organization. Rating Leaders ’ Capacity to Communicate Effectively The determination of the capacity of a leader to communicate effectively depends on the model of communication deployed. Apart from analyzing the response of the audience after delivery of the message, leaders need to engage themselves in several interrogatives to evaluate their effectiveness in communication. These interrogatives are: Does the leader possess communication strategies, which guide all the communication activities? Does the leader possess adequate information on what people want to understand from the communication and/or how they are likely to respond to the communication? Is the message planned for delivery aligned with the organizational values, mission, objectives, and vision? Does the communication integrate perspectives of a two-way communication process? Does the communication plan pay attention to the past incidences of poor or inaccurate communication to avoid their repetition in the current communication plan? Do es the communication consider various elements of effective communication in leadership: listening, directing, informing, leading, and involvement of the audience? Does the leader factor in the employees’ preferences for communication media such as face-to-face communication or emails? Is the responsibility of communication delegated to other leaders below the leader? If so, are the people charged with communication delivering the intended messages and/or do they comprehensively understand and endeavor to improve their roles as organizational communicators? If the response to all above question is yes, a leader can consider his or her communication immensely effective. A score of 5-8 indicates that a leader is on his or her way into becoming an effective leader through effective communication. However, he or she needs to invest more time in the development of the qualities of an effective organizational communicator. A score of less than 4 depicts ineffectiveness in leading through communication. Summary Effective communication is the key determinant of the capacity of leaders to achieve their mandates of leading, directing, planning, monitoring, and controlling. Communicating effectively requires the understanding of organizational culture, audience, and information needs and interest of various organizational stakeholders. This ensures that the concerns of the likely barriers and conflicts of the information communicated are mitigated in the planning phase of communication. Effective leaders in communication possess certain leadership traits, which influence people through communication. One of the essential traits is emotional intelligence (EI). EI helps leaders compose the context, orient, and/or prepare the audience to listen to them. To ensure that effective communication is achieved, it is also necessary to adopt a communication model that suits an appropriate scenario. Reference List Barrett, J. (2006). Leadership Communication. New York, NY: M cGraw-Hill. McFarlin, B., Sweeney, D., Cotton, L. (2003). Attitudes toward employee participation in decision-making: A comparison of European and American managers in a U.S. multinational. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(4), 363−383. Williams, J., Seaman, E. (2001). Predicting change in management accounting systems: National culture and industry effects. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26(5), 443−460. This report on Leadership through effective Communication was written and submitted by user Caitlyn Byrd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.